The P la ơ H P can use an economical Kim V ơ, I tha NH PH â Report N chi NH la ă s and T (Fe), the V ơ, I cacbon (C), T ư report 0, 02 % Mrđa and the N2 and 14% theo tro Ng lu ơ Ng can use an economical, va ọ M and T S in the nguye N T in the ho a ho C kha C. Chu Ng la M ta Ng Mrđa ọ and C ư, Ng, ha N Ch and S, can use an economical ư di chuy and handcraft N cu a nguye N T ư handcraft ă s, T trong C  The U tru C tinh th and handcraft du ơ I, ta C Mrđa ọ and Ng cu a nhi report and U nguye N nha N kha C nhau.In S, lu can use an economical ơ Ng kha C nhau cu a ca C nguye n t in the va ty L ẹ and cu a chu trong Ng the P NH ă report M mu Mrđa C I Ch, ki and M handcraft soa T ca C mu C tie U CH â the T lu can use an economical ơ Ng nhu Mrđa ọ and C ư, Ng, Mrđa ọ Mrđa and report a n H in the I, ti NH D and handcraft in U N, and va s ư C to B and the N ke O Mrđa ư and T. The V P ơ, I ty L ẹ cacbon and cao co th and handcraft ta Ng cu ơ report Ng Mrđa ọ and C ư Ng, va cu ơ report L Ng can use an economical ư C ke O Mrđa ư, so T V ơ, I ă s, T, nhu Ng la I gio N va and d. ga Y ho N. Ty ẹ L and ho a tan T in the I a Mrđa cu a carbon s trong ă T, la 2.14 % theo tro Ng lu can use an economical ơ Ng (ơ handcraft tra Ng tha I Austenit ) xa Y RA ơ handcraft Mrđa 1.147 ọ and C; N and U, lu can use an economical ơ cacbon Ng cao ho N hay nhi ẹ and T Mrđa ọ and ho a tan th â the p ho N trong qua tri NH sa N xu â to T, sa N PH  handcraft M se la xementit co cu ơ report L Ng can use an economical ư C ke M ho N . Pha ọ TR and N V ơ, I cacbon cao ho N2 and 06 % se U Mrđa ̛ ơ C can use an economical gang. The P cu Ng U Mrđa ̛ ơ C can use an economical pha N bi ẹ and T V ơ, I s ă to T re N, vi ă s, T re N co R  and T, I T hay kho Ng co cacbon, thu ơ report NG la, i t ho N 0,035 per cent.Nga Y nay ngu ơ report TA I go I nga NH co Ng nghi ẹ P and the P (kho Ng go I la nga NH co Ng nghi ẹ and P s ă T, va the P) and nhu trong Ng li Ch s handcraft ư Mrđa, O, la 2sa N PH  handcraft M kha C nhau . Nga Y nay co ọ M and T va I loa I the P ma trong Mrđa O the cacbon Mrđa ̛ U can use an economical ơ C thay th and the B ă report Ng ca C H in N for H can use an economical ơ V P ạ and T Li ẹ and U kha C, va cacbon N and U, co, chi la kho Ng Mrđa ̛ U can use an economical ơ C U a ̛ ọ chu and Ng.Tru ơ C, th ơ report I ki Phu C Hu Ng ngu ơ report I TA Mrđa is a CH and the ta o the p v ơ, I nhi Report and U phu O ̛ Ng pha P ke M Hi ẹ and U qua, nhu Mrđa Ng and the N th and the ki 17 sau ti M RA ca C phu O ̛ Ng pha P co hi ẹ and U qua ho N thi VI ẹ and C S handcraft ư du Ng the P TR ơ handcraft ne N pH in handcraft and bi, N ho N. V ơ I to VI and ẹ C pha T minh quy RA tri NH Bessemer va O gi ư th phone and the ki 19, the P Mrđa is a TR ơ handcraft tha NH ọ M and T loa I ha Ng hoa Mrđa ̛ U can use an economical ơ C sa N xu â the T ha Ng loa t I and T T in the N ke m.Trong qua tri NH sa N xu â the T ca Ng tinh luy ẹ and n t in the T ho N nhu phu O ̛ Ng pha P th handcraft in I O and XY, thi gia tha NH sa N xu  The T ca Ng th  The P Mrđa report in th Ng ơ report I ta Ng Ch  The T lu can use an economical ơ Ng cu Kim a loa I. Nga Y nay the P la ọ M and T trong NH ư phone V Ng ạ and T Li ẹ and U PH handcraft in bi and N, NH  The T tre N th and the gi ơ I, va la tha NH PH  report N chi trong NH xa Y D can use an economical ư Ng, Mrđa report in du Ng, co Ng nghi ẹ and P co khi .Tho Ng thu ơ Ng of the P U Mrđa ̛ ơ C can use an economical pha N tha NH nhi and U of C â the p ạ B and C va Mrđa ̛ U can use an economical ơ C ca C T in CH handcraft ư C, a Mrđa the NH gia xa C NH ạ and N theo chu â handcraft N rie Ng.
Đ ạ C use ti NH s ư a Handcraft | ư s handcraft a ma ngu in the N'
Cu Ng nhu H â the u H and the T ca C Kim loa I, V and the co ba N, S, ă T kho Ng T in the N ta I handcraft ơ vo Tra I Đ â the T du ơ, I da Ng nguye n t in that no chi T in the N ta i khi K and the T H can use an economical ơ V P ơ i, o and XY Ho ạ stylish C lu U huy NH.S ă T, handcraft ơ da Ng khoa V Ng ạ and bao T G in the M2 Fe O 3-m ọ and T da Ng cu O a and xi T S ă and T co trong khoa V Ng ạ and T hematit, va FeS 2 - qu ạ Ng stylish s sunfit ă and T. S ă to T U Mrđa ̛ ơ can use an economical C L  The Y T ư report ạ qu Ng stylish B ă report Ng ca Ch kh ư handcraft and O XY Ho ạ stylish C K and the T H can use an economical ơ P ă s, T V ơ, I m ọ and T nguye N T in the hoa ho C nhu cacbon . Qua tri NH na Y Mrđa ̛ U can use an economical ơ C go I la luy ẹ and N Kim, U Mrđa ̛ ơ C can use an economical, a P du Ng L  report N Mrđa  report U tie N cho Kim loa I V The ơ Mrđa I i and M handcraft no Ng cha Y th â the p ho n.In Đ Ng report no Ng cha Y ơ handcraft nhi ẹ and T Mrđa ọ and ho N 1.080 °C, trong khi thi and C, no Ng cha Y ơ handcraft 250 °C . Pha ọ TR and N V ơ, I trong cacbon ă s, cao T ho N2 and 14 per cent se U Mrđa ̛ ơ C can use an economical gang, no Ng cha Y ơ handcraft 1.392 °C . T â the T ca nhi ẹ and T Mrđa ọ and na y co th and handcraft Mrđa can use an economical a t u Mrđa ̛ ơ C can use an economical V ơ, I ca C phu O ̛ Ng pha P cu Mrđa is a Mrđa ̛ U can use an economical ơ C S handcraft ư du Ng, I T NH â to 6.000 T na M tru ơ, C.Khi ti ẹ L and O and XY hoa ta Ng nhanh khoa Ng 800 °C thi VI ẹ and C ẹ luy N and Kim pha I Di and N for RA trong mo I tru ơ report Ng co and O XY th â and P.
Trong qua tri NH luy ẹ and N the P VI ẹ and C TR ọ N and L â phone cacbon N va s ă and T co th and handcraft hi NH tha NH ne N R  The nhi T and U of C  and U tru C kha C nhau V ơ, I NH ư Ng phone Mrđa stylish ạ C ti NH kha C nhau . Hi handcraft and U U Mrđa ̛ ơ can use an economical Mrđa C I and the U na Y la R  and T quan tro Ng Mrđa handcraft and luy ẹ and N the P co Ch  The T lu ơ Ng can use an economical . Ơ handcraft nhi ẹ and T Mrđa ọ and bi NH thu ơ Ng report.da ng in handcraft Mrđa n I can use an economical NH NH â the T cu s a ă and T la ă s, T ferrit co C â the u tru c L ạ and P phu O ̛ Ng ta kh M in the I (BCC) hay ă s, T, M ọ and T CH â and T Li ẹ and Kim U loa I m and M Report, co th and handcraft pha N huy ọ M and T lu can use an economical ơ Ng nho cacbon (kho Ng qua 0, 02 % handcraft ơ nhi ẹ and T Mrđa ọ and 911 °C). N and the U tre N 911 °C thi ferrit se chuy and handcraft n t ư report ta M kh in the I (BCC) sang ta M M stylish ạ T (FCC), Mrđa ̛ U can use an economical ơ C go I la austenit.loa I na Y cu Ng la ọ M and T CH â and T Li ẹ and Kim U loa I m and M report nhu Ng no co th and handcraft pha N huy nhi report and U cacbon ho N (2 and 14 per cent cacbon nhi ẹ and T Mrđa ọ and 1.147 ?C). M ọ and T ca CH Mrđa handcraft and loa I bo cacbon RA kho I austenit la loa I xementit RA kho H I described in H N can use an economical ơ Mrđa P O, in Mrđa Ng of th report ơ Mrđa I and handcraft ă s T, nguye N CH â the T ơ handcraft da Ng ferit va ta O RA H Phone in N H can use an economical ơ P xementit - ferrit . Xementit la ọ M and T H can use an economical ơ P CH â the T hoa ho C co co Ng th ư C, la Fe C 3.The p Hi ẹ and n a Mrđa I can use an economical s ư a Handcraft | ư s handcraft a ma ngu Report in N'
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Ca P chi L U can use an economical ư C Mrđa ̛ U can use an economical ơ C la M T ư report the P co Mrđa ọ and B and the N ke O cao
The P hi ẹ and N a Mrđa I can use an economical Mrđa ̛ U can use an economical ơ C CH and the ta B O ă report Ng nhi Report and U ca C nho M H can use an economical ơ P Kim kha C nhau, tu Y theo tha NH PH Â report N ho a ho C cu a ca C nguye N T in the cho va O ma Ta cho ca C sa N PH Â handcraft M phu H ơ can use an economical V P ơ, I co Ng du Ng rie Ng re cu a chu Ng . The P cacbon bao G In the hai M nguye n t in the chi NH la ă s T, va cacbon.chi and the M 90% ty tro Ng ca C sa N PH â handcraft M the P la M RA . The P H can use an economical ơ P Kim th â the p co Mrđa ọ and B and N report cao Mrđa ̛ U can use an economical ơ B C in sung handcraft the M M ọ and T va I nguye n t in the kha C (luo n < 2 %) and tie U BI handcraft and U1 and 5 per cent, mangan Mrđa Report in th Ng ơ report I cu Ng la M gia tha NH the P ta Ng the M . The P H can use an economical ơ P Kim th â the p U Mrđa ̛ ơ C can use an economical pha ọ TR and N V ơ, I ca C nguye n t in the kha C, tho Ng thu ơ report molypden Ng, mangan, crom, Ho ạ stylish niken C,trong khoa T Ng effect Ng handcraft ọ C and Ng kho Ng qua 10% tre n t in handcraft Ng tro Ng lu ơ NG can use an economical . Ca C loa I the p kho Ng gi va the P kho Ng gi chuye N du Ng co, I T NH â the T 10 % crom, trong nhi Report and U tru ơ report H NG can use an economical ơ P co and K, T H can use an economical ơ V P ơ, I niken, NH ă report M mu Mrđa C I Ch, CH in the Ng la s I can use an economical ư a stylish N mo N . M ọ and T va I loa I the P kho Ng gi co Mrđa stylish ạ C ti NH kho Ng T ư report ti NH. Wikimedia Commons co the M th and handcraft loa I hi NH a NH handcraft va ta I Li ẹ U and V and the The p
The p Hi ẹ and n a Mrđa I can use an economical co N co NH phone ư Ng loa I nhu the P du Ng cu Mrđa ̛ U can use an economical ơ C H can use an economical ơ P Kim ho a V ơ, I s in the lu can use an economical ơ Mrđa NG a Ng, K and B handcraft ă report Ng ca C nguye n t in the nhu hay vonfram coban cu Ng nhu ọ M and T va I nguye n t in the kha Mrđa C A can use an economical Mrđa T and the N kha na Ng ba O hoa . Nh ư phone Ng CH â the T na y la ta C nha n k and T, tu a giu P ca I thi ẹ and N ca C Mrđa stylish ạ C ti NH nhi ẹ and T luy ẹ and N cu a the P . The P du Ng cu Mrđa ̛ U can use an economical ơ C The ư Ng du Ng nhi Report and U va O ca C co Ng cu ă C and T go Kim T loa, Inhu mu i khoan, Dao TI ẹ and N, phay Dao, Dao ba O va and nhi report ư U, Ng du Ng cho ca C V ạ and T Li ẹ and U C â Report N Mrđa ọ and C ư Ng, cao.
Sa N lu can use an economical ơ Ng the P s ư a Handcraft | ư s handcraft a ma ngu in the N'
x Na M Sa N lu can use an economical ơ Ng (tri ẹ and U T â and N)
1 1950 189
2 1960 346
3 1970 594
4 1980 682
5 1990 770
6 2002 870
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