参考译文：地下水地下水是指渗入到地下并将所有岩石孔隙填满的水。到现在为

参考译文：地下水

地下水是指渗入到地下并将所有岩石孔隙填满的水。到现在为止，大气水是最丰富的地下水资源，是地下水在水循环中的一个环节。普通的大气水会从地表、降水以及湖泊河流侵入到地下。在再次冒出地表之前，这些地下水有时会长时间留在地下。最初让人觉得难以置信的是，在我们脚下“坚实的”土地中竟然有足够的空间能储存这么些水。


然而，地下水所需的储存空间多种多样。松散的砂子和砾石间有许多颗粒，如沙粒和小石子，它们之间的孔隙是最常见的储存地下水的空间。由这些颗粒组成的水床非常普遍，通常位于看不见的土壤下方，在携带粗糙沉淀物的湍急的河流曾流过的地方都能找到它们的踪迹。比如，冰河时代覆盖北美的巨大冰层逐渐融化，大量水从那儿流出。水里总会携带些石子、砾石和沙石，这些颗粒会随着水流的减速而沉淀，这就是所谓冰河期的冰水沉积。


现代也有冰水沉积，尽管规模相对较小。凡是有携带沙石的河流或者溪流从山谷流至相对平坦的地面时，砂石就随着水流速度的减慢逐渐沉淀；水流通常呈扇形扩散，它们所携带的沙石也会沉淀为光滑的扇形斜面。当河流汇入湖泊和海洋的时候也会有沉淀，这些沉淀最初在湖底或海底，但将来海平面下降或者陆地崛起时，它们就会分布于内陆，通常厚达几千米。


低地区域上的任何位置可能就是曾经的河床，后续被土壤覆盖而变成现在的样子。如果那些过去的河床和沙洲现在位于地下水位之下，一定会有大量的地下水浸在它们的沙子和砾石之间。


以上说的都是松散的沉积物，那些坚固的沉积物，也拥有以数万计的毛细孔来容纳水。因为最初颗粒间的缝隙通常并未完全被黏固的化学物质塞满，而且部分颗粒很可能在固化时或固化后被渗入的地下水溶解；结果这些砂岩最终变得和形成它的散沙一样多孔。


因此，不管沉积物是疏松还是坚固，它们中一定有空间。大部分结晶体岩石都非常坚硬，但也有例外，最常见的就是玄武岩，它是一种固化的火山熔岩，经常充满了微小气泡，从而变得十分多孔。


岩石的孔隙度就是指其中空间的比例。但需要注意的是，孔隙度与渗透率是不同的。渗透率衡量的是水渗透物质的难易程度，它取决于与单个空隙以及连接孔隙间裂缝的大小。


当充满水分的沉淀物或者岩石样本被放置在适宜的干燥环境中时，大部分的水分会流失，但仍有部分水会继续附着在坚实的表面上。要不是因为表面张力，这些水分也会立刻蒸发，仅留下完全干燥的样本。因此，试验样本的含水量既包括可以流干的水，也包括不能流干的水。


这两种水的相对含量因岩石或沉积物种类不同而改变，即便它们有相同比例的孔隙，还取决于孔隙的大小。如果孔隙很大，其中的水会形成水滴，太重足以克服吸引它的表面张力，就会流走；但如果孔隙够小，水会像薄膜一样，太轻无法克服表面张力，从而稳稳地附着在孔隙表面上。
 

Kết quả (Anh) 2:

Passage: groundwater groundwater refers to seep into the ground and filled all the rock pore water. Until now, atmospheric water is the most abundant groundwater resources, is a part of the groundwater in the water cycle. Normal air will invade from the surface water, precipitation and underground lakes and rivers. Before re-emerge surface, these groundwater sometimes prolonged stay in the ground. Initially people feel incredibly, at our feet, "solid" land can actually have enough space to store so many water. However, a variety of groundwater storage space required. Loose sand and gravel between many particles, such as sand and gravel, pore space between them is the most common groundwater storage. From these particles waterbed it is very common, usually located below the soil invisible, carrying coarse sediment turbulent rivers once flowed where you can find traces of them. For example, coverage of North America, the great ice age gradually melts the ice, a lot of water flowing from there. The water will always carry some stones, gravel and sand, the particles will be precipitated as the water reducer, which is called glacial outwash. Hyundai also has outwash, despite the relatively small scale. Those who have to carry sand from rivers or streams flow to the relatively flat valley floor, along with sand and gravel to slow down the flow velocity gradually precipitation; water is usually fan-shaped diffusion, they carry sand will precipitate as smooth fan-shaped ramp. When rivers lakes and oceans when import will precipitate, these deposits originally in the lake or sea, but in the future rise of sea level fall or land, they will be distributed in the inland, usually several kilometers thick. Anywhere lowland region is probably the former riverbed, follow by soil cover and become what it is today. If those past riverbed and shoals are in the water table below, there will be a large number of groundwater immersed in sand and gravel between them. Above that are loose sediments, those rugged sediments, also has tens of thousands of dollars in order to accommodate the water pores. Because the initial gap between the particles are often not completely filled cements chemicals, and some particles probably when cured or cured after infiltration of groundwater dissolved; the results of these sandstones and form it eventually become porous as loose sand . Thus, regardless of the sediment is loose or solid, they have a certain space. Most crystalline rocks are very hard, but there are exceptions, the most common is basalt, which is a solidified lava, often filled with tiny bubbles, which become very porous. Porosity of the rock refers to the proportion which the space. But note that the porosity and permeability are different. Permeability is a measure of the degree of difficulty substances to water penetration, which depends on the individual and the size of the gap between the connected pores cracks. When moisture-laden sediment or rock sample is placed in a suitable dry environment, most of the water will drain, but there are still some of the water will continue to adhere to the solid surface. Either because of the surface tension, the water will evaporate immediately, leaving only completely dry samples. Therefore, the water content of the test sample can flow both dry water, but also not to drain water. Both the relative content of water due to the different types of rock or sediment to change, even if they have the same proportion of the pores, also depends on the pore size. If the porosity is large, which will form water droplets, which attract heavy enough to overcome the surface tension, it will flow away; but if small enough pores, the water will be like a film, as too light can not overcome the surface tension, thereby firmly attached to the pore surfaces.


























 

Kết quả (Anh) 3:

Text: groundwater

groundwater is seep into the ground and all the rock pore filled with water. Until now, the atmosphere water is the most abundant groundwater resources, it is a link in the groundwater in the water cycle. Ordinary atmospheric water from the surface, rainfall and the river to the lake. Before coming out of the surface again, these underground water will stay in the ground for a long time. At first, it was hard to believe that there was enough space in the "solid" land to store so much water.


however, the storage space required for a variety of a variety of groundwater. Loose sand and gravel are many particles,Such as sand and gravel, the pore is the most common storage of groundwater. Beds of composed of these particles is very common, usually in the soil below, in carrying the rough into the swift river sediment had flow can find traces of them. For example, the great ice age in North America has gradually melted, and a large amount of water has flowed from there. Water will always carry pebbles, gravel, and sand, these particles will be with the flow slowed and precipitation, this is the so-called glacial outwash.


also has modern outwash, though on a smaller scale.Those who carry the sand river or stream from the valley stream to relatively flat ground, gravel with flow velocity slows down gradually precipitation; flow is usually fan-shaped diffusion, they carry the sand will precipitation for smooth fan-shaped bevel surfaces. When the river empties into the lakes and seas there will be precipitation, precipitation of these initially at the bottom of the lake or the sea, but in the future when the sea level falls or the land rises, they will distribution in inland, usually thousands of meters thick. Any position of


lowlands is likely to have on the riverbed, subsequent soil cover and become what it is today.If the riverbed of the past and the bar is now located in the underground water level, there must be a lot of groundwater leaching in between their sand and gravel.


said above are loose sediments, the solid sediments, also has Kong Lai to accommodate tens of thousands of capillary water. Because the gaps among the original grains are often not totally are bonded chemicals stuffed, and part of the particles is likely to be dissolved by percolating groundwater after curing or curing; as a result the sandstone eventually become and formed its Sanders as porous.


therefore, whether sediment is loose or strong, they must have space.Most of the crystalline rock is very hard, but there are exceptions, the most common is basalt, it is a kind of solidified volcanic lava, often filled with tiny bubbles, which become very porous.


rock porosity refers to the ratio. But note that porosity and permeability are different. Permeability is measured by the difficulty level of the water penetration, which depends on the size of the gap between the individual and the gap.
when filled with water sediment or rock samples are placed in the appropriate drying environment, most of the water will be lost, but there are still some water will continue to be attached to the solid surface.If it is not because of the surface tension, the water will evaporate immediately, leaving only a completely dry sample. Therefore, the water content of both samples can drain the water, including water can not dry.
the two water relative content due to the different kind of rock or sediment change, even if they have the same proportion of pore, also depends on the pore size. If the pores are large, the water will form water droplets, too heavy enough to overcome attract its surface tension, will flow away; but if the pores are small enough, water will like the film, too light unable to overcome the surface tension, thus firmly attached on the pore surface.